Суффикс ив слова примеры: Суффикс -ив- в прилагательных. Примеры слов с суффиксом -ив-

Слова с суффиксом «ива» — примеры с разными окончаниями Слова с суффиксом «ива» — примеры с разными окончаниями

Мы собрали для вас полный список слов руского языка с суффиксом «ива» , которые посетители нашего сервиса разбирали по составу. Всего таких слов — 5482.

• авиаопрыскивание
• автотехобслуживание
• азотусваивающий
• аппаратно-поддерживаемый
• баливать
• благоустраивать
• благоустраиваться
• бранивать
• браниваться
• быстроизнашивающийся
• вcкарабкиваться
• вcкармливание
• вcкармливать
• вcкармливаться
• вcклокочивать

• вcклокочиваться
• вcклочивать
• вcклочиваться
• вcколыхивать
• вcколыхиваться
• вcкосмачивать
• вcкосмачиваться
• вcкрикивание
• вcкрикивать
• вcпаивание
• вcпаивать
• вcпаиваться
• вcпаривать
• вcпариваться
• вcпархивать

• вcпахивание
• вcпахивать
• вcпахиваться
• вcпенивать
• вcпениваться
• вcплескивание
• вcплескивать
• вcплескиваться
• вcполаскивать
• вcполаскиваться
• вcпрыгивать
• вcпрыскивание
• вcпрыскивать
• вcпрыскиваться
• вcпугивать

• вcпугиваться
• вcпучиваемость
• вcпучивать
• вcпучиваться
• вcтаскивать
• вcтаскиваться
• вcтревоживать
• вcтревоживаться
• вcтряхивание
• вcтряхивать
• вcтряхиваться
• вcучивание
• важивать
• валивать
• варивать

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90000 List of Suffixes and Suffix Examples 90001 90002 Suffixes are a letter or group of letters added to the ending of words to change their meaning or function. These useful, shapeshifting tools can be as small as 90003 -s 90004, and 90003 -ed, 90004 or can be larger additions such as 90003 -ation 90004, and 90003 -ious 90004. 90011 90012 The Function of a Suffix 90013 90002 Like prefixes, there are many suffixes used in the English language to create a rich vocabulary. These suffixes change the meaning or grammatical function of a base word or root word.For example, by adding the suffixes -er and -est to the adjective 90015 fond 90016, you create the comparative 90015 fond 90016 er and the superlative, 90015 fond 90016 est. 90011 90002 Take the suffix -ist, by adding this to a word you have changed the word to describe a person who performs or practices something. So, 90015 art 90016 becomes 90015 art 90016 ist, a person skilled in a particular art. 90011 90002 Let’s look at the verb 90015 read 90016. This verb can be turned into a noun by adding the suffix -er, and so 90015 read 90016 becomes 90015 read 90016 er.Likewise, by adding the suffix -able the verb 90015 read 90016 now becomes the adjective 90015 read 90016 able. 90011 90012 Examples of Suffixes 90013 90002 Some of the most common suffixes and their meanings are as follows: 90011 90044 Noun Suffixes 90045 90046 90047 90002 90003 -eer 90004 90051 Meaning: engaged in something, associated with something 90051 Examples: auctioneer, volunteer, engineer , profiteer 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -er 90004 90051 Meaning: someone who performs an action 90051 Examples: helper, teacher, preacher, dancer 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -ion 90004 90051 Meaning: the action or process of 90051 Examples: celebration, opinion , decision, revision 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -ity 90004 90051 Meaning: the state or condition of 90051 Examples: probability, equality, abnormality, civility 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -ment 90004 90051 Meaning: the action or result of 90051 Examples: movement , retirement, abandonment, establishment 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -ness 90004 90051 Meaning: a state or quality 90051 Examples: fondness, awareness, kindness, darkness 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -or 90004 90051 Meaning: a person who is something 90051 Examples: distributor, investigator, translator, conductor 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -sion 90004 90051 Meaning: state or being 90051 Examples: depression, confusion, tension, compulsion 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -ship 90004 90051 Meaning: position held 90051 Examples: worship, ownership, courtship, internship 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -th 90004 90051 Meaning: state or quality 90051 Examples: strength, labyrinth, depth , warmth 90011 90054 90127 90044 Adjective Suffixes 90045 90046 90047 90002 90003 -able, -ible 90004 90051 Meaning: capable of being 90051 Examples: preventable, adaptable, predictable, credible 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -al 90004 90051 Meaning: pertaining to 90051 Examples : theatrical, natural, criminal, seasonal 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -ant 90004 90051 Meaning: inclined to or tending to 90051 Exam ples: vigilant, defiant, brilliant, reliant 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -ary 90004 90051 Meaning: of or relating to 90051 Examples: budgetary, planetary, military, honorary 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -ful 90004 90051 Meaning: full of or notable of 90051 Examples: grateful, beautiful, wonderful, fanciful 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -ic 90004 90051 Meaning: relating to 90051 Examples: iconic, organic, heroic, poetic 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -ious, -ous 90004 90051 Meaning: having qualities of 90051 Examples: gracious, cautious, humorous, fabulous 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -ive 90004 90051 Meaning: quality or nature of 90051 Examples: creative, expensive, expressive, pensive 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -less 90004 90051 Meaning: without something 90051 Examples : hopeless, faultless, fearless, restless 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -y 90004 90051 Meaning: made up of or characterized by 90051 Examples: brainy, fruity, tasty, grouchy 90011 90054 90127 90044 Verb Suffixes 90045 90046 90047 90002 90003 -ed 90004 90051 Meaning: past-tense version of a verb 90051 Examples: laughed, climbed, called, missed 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -en 90004 90051 Meaning: become 90051 Examples: soften, fasten, lengthen, strengthen 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -er 90004 90051 Meaning: action or process, making an adjective comparative 90051 Examples: faster, bigger, fuller, longer 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -ing 90004 90051 Meaning: verb form / present participle of an action 90051 Examples: laughing, swimming, driving, writing 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -ize, -ise 90004 90051 Meaning: to cause or to become 90051 Examples: memorialize, authorize, commercialize, advertise 90011 90054 90127 90044 Adverb Suffixes 90045 90046 90047 90002 90003 -ly 90004 90051 Meaning: in what manner something is being done 90051 Examples: bravely, simply, honestly, gladly 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -ward 90004 90051 Meaning: in a certain direction 90051 Examples: backward, wayward, awkward, afterward 90011 90054 90047 90002 90003 -wise 90004 90051 Meaning: in relation to 90051 Examples: clockwise, edgewise, lengthwise, otherwise 90011 90012 Using Suffixes 90013 90002 Suffixes create variety in the English language.They provide endless ways to express our thoughts, feelings, findings, and emotions. They morph nouns into adjectives and verbs into nouns. They express deeper qualities, providing layers of color and intrigue required by writers. 90011 90002 Be aware that sometimes adding a suffix to a base word changes the spelling of the new word, as in create / creative. To help you learn why and when this happens read Suffix Spelling Rules. 90011 List of Suffixes and Suffix Examples 90054 90127.90000 90001 45 Common Suffixes with Suffix Definition and Examples 90002 90003 90004 90005 90006 Suffix 90007 90008 90009 90004 90006 Suffix Meaning 90007 90009 90004 90005 90006 Suffix Examples 90007 90008 90009 90020 90003 90004 -able / -ible 90009 90004 capable of being 90009 90004 portable, legible, preventable, adaptable 90009 90020 90003 90004 -ac / -ic 90009 90004 like / related to 90009 90004 cardiac, iconic, organic 90009 90020 90003 90004 -acy 90009 90004 state / quality of being 90009 90004 privacy, legitimacy, bureaucracy, aristocracy, theocracy 90009 90020 90003 90004 -ious 90009 90004 full of 90009 90004 gracious, malicious, ambitious, cautious 90009 90020 90003 90004 -al 90009 90004 related to 90009 90004 logical, philosophical, bacterial, theatrical, natural 90009 90020 90003 90004 -ance / -ence 90009 90004 state / quality of being 90009 90004 maintenance, permanence, brilliance, defiance, annoyance 90009 90020 90003 90004 -dom 90009 90004 condition of, state, realm 90009 90004 freedom, kingdom, boredom, freedom, wisdom 90009 90020 90003 90004 -eer / -er / -or 90009 90004 person who 90009 90004 mountaineer, writer, counsellor, engineer, volunteer, inventor, legislator 90009 90020 90003 90004 -escent 90009 90004 becoming, to be 90009 90004 adolescent, fluorescent 90009 90020 90003 90004 -esque 90009 90004 like / reminiscent of 90009 90004 picturesque, kafkaesque, grotesque, burlesque 90009 90020 90003 90004 -ess 90009 90004 female 90009 90004 actress, heiress, lioness 90009 90020 90003 90004 -ful 90009 90004 full of 90009 90004 helpful, thankful, cheerful 90009 90020 90003 90004 -fy 90009 90004 to make 90009 90004 magnify, electrify, amplify, falsify, terrify 90009 90020 90003 90004 -hood 90009 90004 state, condition, or quality 90009 90004 childhood, neighborhood, motherhood 90009 90020 90003 90004 -ian 90009 90004 relating to 90009 90004 martian, utopian, pediatrician 90009 90020 90003 90004 -iferous 90009 90004 containing, yielding 90009 90004 vociferous, carboniferous 90009 90020 90003 90004 -ise 90009 90004 make, become 90009 90004 civilise, terrorise, lengthwise, otherwise 90009 90020 90003 90004 -ish 90009 90004 having qualities of 90009 90004 hellish, fiendish, apish, brutish, childish 90009 90020 90003 90004 -ism 90009 90004 doctrine, belief, practice 90009 90004 favouritism, communism, altruism, despotism, heroism 90009 90020 90003 90004 -ist 90009 90004 person who 90009 90004 chemist, florist, artist, linguist, pianist 90009 90020 90003 90004 -ity 90009 90004 state / quality of being 90009 90004 ingenuity, oddity, abnormality, civility, necessity 90009 90020 90003 90004 90006 90192 90007 -ite 90009 90004 resident of, follower, product of 90009 90004 suburbanite, luddite, dynamite 90009 90020 90003 90004 -ine 90009 90004 relating to 90009 90004 canine, feminine, masculine 90009 90020 90003 90004 -ive 90009 90004 inclined to; quality of; that which 90009 90004 attractive, expensive, repulsive 90009 90020 90003 90004 -less 90009 90004 without 90009 90004 brainless, endless, fearless, helpless, homeless 90009 90020 90003 90004 -like 90009 90004 resembling, characteristic 90009 90004 childlike, homelike, lifelike 90009 90020 90003 90004 -ment 90009 90004 state / quality of being, result of action, process 90009 90004 enjoyment, embankment, abridgement, movement, placement, shipment 90009 90020 90003 90004 -ness 90009 90004 state of being 90009 90004 thinness, loneliness, kindness, shyness, weakness 90009 90020 90003 90004 -oid 90009 90004 like 90009 90004 celluloid, ovoid, humanoid, tabloid, hemorrhoid 90009 90020 90003 90004 -ology 90009 90004 study of, science of 90009 90004 anthropology, archaeology, biology 90009 90020 90003 90004 -ose 90009 90004 full of 90009 90004 adipose, verbose 90009 90020 90003 90004 -osis 90009 90004 process, condition 90009 90004 hypnosis, psychosis, diagnosis, prognosis, neurosis, psychosis 90009 90020 90003 90004 -ory 90009 90004 relating to 90009 90004 armory, dormitory, laboratory 90009 90020 90003 90004 -ous 90009 90004 full of 90009 90004 illustrious, nauseous, hazardous, humorous, wondrous 90009 90020 90003 90004 -pathy 90009 90004 feeling, diseased 90009 90004 sympathy, apathy, neuropathy 90009 90020 90003 90004 -phone 90009 90004 sound 90009 90004 homophone, telephone, microphone 90009 90020 90003 90004 -ship 90009 90004 position held 90009 90004 friendship, membership, authorship, citizenship, friendship 90009 90020 90003 90004 -sion 90009 90004 state / quality of being 90009 90004 torsion, confusion, depression, tension 90009 90020 90003 90004 -some 90009 90004 characterized by, group of 90009 90004 cumbersome, quarrelsome, foursome 90009 90020 90003 90004 90006 — 90007 sophy / sophic 90009 90004 wisdom, knowledge 90009 90004 philosophy, theosophy, anthroposophic 90009 90020 90003 90004 -tion 90009 90004 state / quality of being 90009 90004 transition, attention, caution, fascination 90009 90020 90003 90004 -tude 90009 90004 state / quality of being 90009 90004 fortitude, certitude 90009 90020 90003 90004 -th 90009 90004 state or quality 90009 90004 depth, length, strength 90009 90020 90003 90004 -ware 90009 90004 things of the same type or material 90009 90004 hardware, software, kitchenware 90009 90020 90003 90004 -y 90009 90004 characterised by 90009 90004 funny, greedy 90009 90020 90386.90000 Suffixes | Vocabulary | EnglishClub 90001 90002 A 90003 suffix 90004 is a group of letters placed at the 90003 end 90004 of a word to make a 90003 new 90004 word. A suffix can make a new word in one of two ways: 90009 90010 90011 90003 inflectional 90004 (grammatical): for example, changing singular to plural (dog → dog 90003 s 90004), or changing present tense to past tense (walk → walk 90003 ed 90004). In this case, the basic meaning of the word does not change. 90018 90011 90003 derivational 90004 (the new word has a new meaning, «derived» from the original word): for example, teach → teach 90003 er 90004 or care → care 90003 ful 90004 90018 90027 A 90003 suffix 90004 goes at the end of a word.A prefix goes at the beginning. 90030 Inflectional suffixes 90031 90002 Inflectional suffixes do not change the 90003 meaning of the original word 90004. So in «Every day I walk to school» and «Yesterday I walked to school», the words 90003 walk 90004 and 90003 walked 90004 have the same basic meaning. In «I have one car» and «I have two cars», the basic meaning of the words 90003 car 90004 and 90003 cars 90004 is exactly the same. In these cases, the suffix is ​​added simply for grammatical «correctness».Look at these examples: 90009 90044 90045 90046 90047 90048 90047 90048 90051 example 90048 90053 90054 90055 90046 90047 suffix 90048 90047 grammatical change 90048 90047 original word 90048 90047 suffixed word 90048 90053 90046 90067 -s 90068 90067 plural 90068 90067 dog 90068 90067 dog 90003 s 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -en 90068 90067 plural (irregular) 90068 90067 ox 90068 90067 ox 90003 en 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -s 90068 90067 3rd person singular present 90068 90067 like 90068 90067 he like 90003 s 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -ed 90068 90067 past tense 90106 past participle 90068 90067 work 90068 90067 he work 90003 ed 90004 90106 he has work 90003 ed 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -en 90068 90067 past participle (irregular) 90068 90067 eat 90068 90067 he has eat 90003 en 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -ing 90068 90067 continuous / progressive 90068 90067 sleep 90068 90067 he is sleep 90003 ing 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -er 90068 90067 comparative 90068 90067 big 90068 90067 bigg 90003 er 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -est 90068 90067 superlative 90068 90067 big 90068 90067 the bigg 90003 est 90004 90068 90053 90166 90167 90030 Derivational suffixes 90031 90002 With derivational suffixes, the new word has a new 90003 meaning 90004, and is usually a different 90003 part of speech 90004.But the new meaning is related to the old meaning — it is «derived» from the old meaning. 90009 90002 We can add more than one suffix, as in this example: 90009 90002 90179 derive 90180 (verb) + 90003 90179 ation 90180 90004 → 90179 derivation 90180 (noun) + 90003 90179 al 90180 90004 → 90179 derivational 90180 (adjective) 90009 90002 There are several hundred derivational suffixes. Here are some of the more common ones: 90009 90044 90045 90046 90047 suffix 90048 90047 making 90048 90047 example 90106 original word 90048 90047 example 90106 suffixed word 90048 90053 90054 90055 90046 90067 -ation 90068 90215 nouns 90068 90067 explore 90106 hesitate 90068 90067 explor 90003 ation 90004 90106 hesit 90003 ation 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -sion 90068 90067 persuade 90106 divide 90068 90067 persua 90003 sion 90004 90106 divi 90003 sion 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -er 90068 90067 teach 90068 90067 teach 90003 er 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -cian 90068 90067 music 90068 90067 musi 90003 cian 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -ess 90068 90067 god 90068 90067 godd 90003 ess 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -ness 90068 90067 sad 90068 90067 sad 90003 ness 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -al 90068 90067 arrive 90068 90067 arriv 90003 al 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -ary 90068 90067 diction 90068 90067 diction 90003 ary 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -ment 90068 90067 treat 90068 90067 treat 90003 ment 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -y 90068 90067 jealous 90106 victor 90068 90067 jealous 90003 y 90004 90106 victor 90003 y 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -al 90068 90329 adjectives 90068 90067 accident 90068 90067 accident 90003 al 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -ary 90068 90067 imagine 90068 90067 imagin 90003 ary 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -able 90068 90067 tax 90068 90067 tax 90003 able 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -ly 90068 90067 brother 90068 90067 brother 90003 ly 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -y 90068 90067 ease 90068 90067 eas 90003 y 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -ful 90068 90067 sorrow 90106 forget 90068 90067 sorrow 90003 ful 90004 90106 forget 90003 ful 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -ly 90068 90067 adverbs 90068 90067 helpful 90068 90067 help 90003 fully 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -ize 90068 90407 verbs 90068 90067 terror 90106 private 90068 90067 terror 90003 ize 90004 90106 privat 90003 ize 90004 90068 90053 90046 90067 -ate 90068 90067 hyphen 90068 90067 hyphen 90003 ate 90004 90068 90053 90166 90167 90002 Note that the suffix 90003 90179 -er 90180 90004 can convert almost any verb into the person or thing performing the action of the verb.For example: a teach 90179 er 90180 is a person who teaches, a lov 90179 er 90180 loves, a kill 90179 er 90180 kills, an observ 90179 er 90180 observes, a walk 90179 er 90180 walks, a runn 90179 er 90180 runs; a sprinkl 90179 er 90180 is a thing that sprinkles, a copi 90179 er 90180 copies, a shredd 90179 er 90180 shreds. 90009 Suffixes Quiz .90000 Web Lecture 1.4 90001 Web Lecture 1.4 Web Lecture 1.4 90002 Suffixes and Prefixes 90003 1.4.1. Suffixes — Complete List of Suffixes in Course 90004 90005 90003 Inflectional suffixes 90004 90003 Derivational suffixes 90004 90003 Meanings of Derivational Suffixes 90004 90012 90003 1.4.2. Prefixes — Complete List of Prefixes in Course 90004 90005 90003 Spatial Prefixes 90004 90003 Non-Spatial Prefixes 90004 90012 90021 90022 1.4.1. Suffixes 90023 90003 There are two different classes of suffixes: 90022 Inflectional 90023 and 90022 Derivational 90023. Each has its own special function in a word. Briefly, 90004 90030 90031 90032 90033 90034 90022 INFLECTIONAL Suffixes 90023 90037 90038 90022 * 90023 add only grammatical information 90038 90022 * 90023 never change the part of speech 90044 90044 90046 90047 90032 90033 90034 90022 DERIVATIONAL Suffixes 90023 90037 90038 90022 * 90023 make a new word with a new meaning 90038 90022 * 90023 usually change the part of speech 90044 90044 90046 90047 90064 90065 Let’s take a closer look at each of these classes.90003 90022 INFLECTIONAL Suffixes 90023 90004 90003 Inflectional suffixes are required to make a sentence grammatically correct, but they add little meaning to the word. They 90022 never 90023 change a word from one grammatical class to another, but each grammatical class has its own special set of inflectional suffixes. Consequently, these suffixes can be useful in helping you determine whether the word is a NOUN, VERB, or ADJECTIVE. In any case, you need to recognize and ignore inflectional suffixes when you are analyzing a word.It’s especially important not to confuse them with derivational suffixes, which 90022 do 90023 alter the meaning of the word and must be glossed. 90004 90003 English has only 90022 eight 90023 inflectional suffixes; they are listed with examples in the table below. 90004 90080 90031 90082 90022 ENGLISH INFLECTIONAL SUFFIXES 90023 90047 90064 90031 90032 90022 Grammatical Class 90023 90047 90032 90022 Suffix 90023 90047 90032 90022 Example 90023 90047 90064 90031 90102 90003 90022 NOUN 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 90022 -s 90023 ‘plural’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 The two girl 90022 s 90023 had eaten dinner.90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 90022 -‘s 90023 ‘possessive’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 The cat 90022 ‘s 90023 tail was twitching. 90004 90047 90064 90031 90136 90003 90022 VERB 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 90022 -ed 90023 ‘past tense’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 The blackest dog never bark 90022 ed 90023.90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 90022 -s 90023 ‘3rd person present tense’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 The smaller dog bark 90022 s 90023 a lot. 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 90022 -ing 90023 ‘present participle’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 The cat’s tail was twitch 90022 ing 90023. 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 90022 -en 90023 ‘past participle’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 The two girls had eat 90022 en 90023 dinner.90004 90047 90064 90031 90102 90003 90022 ADJECTIVE 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 90022 -er 90023 ‘comparative’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 The small 90022 er 90023 dog barks a lot. 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 90022 -est 90023 ‘superlative’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 The black 90022 est 90023 dog never barked 90004 90047 90064 90065 90003 The noun suffixes 90022 -s 90023 and 90022 -‘s 90023 indicate either plurality or possession.They both sound the same in the spoken language, although they are distinguished in the written form. Be careful not to confuse these suffixes with a derivational suffix with same form (in Morpheme Set 3). 90004 90003 Verbs have four suffixes: 90022 -ed 90023, 90022 -s 90023, 90022 -ing 90023, 90022 -en 90023. Their main function is to distinguish the tense of the verb. Notice that verbs also have a suffix 90022 -s 90023, although in this case it indicates that the verb is present tense and being used with a third-person subject, i.e. something other than «I» or «you.» 90004 90003 The adjective suffixes 90022 -er 90023 and 90022 -est 90023 are also considered inflectional. They are used when comparing two things (90022 -er 90023) or more than two things (90022 -est 90023). Be sure to distinguish the 90022 -er 90023 suffix from a derivational suffix with the same form (in Morpheme Set 2). 90004 90003 Remember: You need to be able to recognize inflectional suffixes; you do not need to gloss them.If an inflectional suffix occurs, it will always be the 90022 last 90023 suffix of any type in the word, and there will only be 90022 one 90023 inflectional suffix in any word. 90004 90003 90022 90023 90004 90003 90022 DERIVATION Suffixes 90023 90004 90003 In this WebLecture, we will discuss all the derivational affixes in the course as a group. Of course, you always are only responsible for the affixes given in the current and earlier morpheme sets.As you study each new morpheme set, you may wish to refer back to this section. 90004 90003 Derivational suffixes are used to make (or derive) new words. In particular, they are used to change a word from one grammatical class to another. For example, the noun «90022 pore 90023» can be changed into an adjective by adding the suffix 90022 -ous 90023, resulting in the adjective «90022 porous 90023» ‘having pores’. In some cases, the suffix does not change the part of speech, but it may add significantly to the meaning and these changes will affect the literal meaning.90004 90003 We can organize derivation suffixes into three groups, depending on the type of new word they create. In the example above, we call 90022 -ous 90023 an 90022 Adjective-Forming Suffix 90023 because it creates 90022 adjectives 90023. Below are some more examples of derivation suffixes which change parts of speech. 90004 90080 90031 90032 90022 Suffix Type 90023 90047 90032 90022 Grammatical Change 90023 90047 90032 90022 Example 90023 90047 90064 90031 90102 90003 90022 Noun-Forming Suffixes 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 VERB -> NOUN 90004 90047 90032 90003 speak + 90022 er 90023 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 ADJ -> NOUN 90004 90047 90032 90003 economic + 90022 s 90023 90004 90047 90064 90031 90102 90003 90022 Adjective-Forming Suffixes 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 NOUN -> ADJ 90004 90047 90032 90003 person + 90022 al 90023 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 VERB -> ADJ 90004 90047 90032 90003 act + 90022 ive 90023 90004 90047 90064 90031 90102 90003 90022 Verb-Forming Suffixes 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 NOUN -> VERB 90004 90047 90032 90003 victim + 90022 ize 90023 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 ADJ -> VERB 90004 90047 90032 90003 vocal + 90022 ize 90023 90004 90047 90064 90065 90003 As we’ve seen, one can add derivational suffixes almost indefinitely.For example, the word «educationalization» contains one prefix, one root, and 90022 six 90023 derivational suffixes. 90004 90030 90031 90032 90003 e / 90004 90047 90032 90003 duc / 90004 90047 90032 90003 ate / 90004 90047 90032 90003 ion / 90004 90047 90032 90003 al / 90004 90047 90032 90003 ize / 90004 90047 90032 90003 ate / 90004 90047 90032 90003 ion 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 ‘away, out’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘lead, draw, pull’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 VERB 90004 90047 90032 90003 NOUN 90004 90047 90032 90003 ADJ 90004 90047 90032 90003 VERB 90004 90047 90032 90003 N, A, V 90004 90047 90032 90003 NOUN 90004 90047 90064 90065 90003 Some derivational suffixes do multiple tasks.For example, the suffix 90022 -ate 90023 can create nouns, adjectives and verbs. This sometimes makes it difficult to gloss non-final derivational suffixes. If you can not tell for sure, just use the complete gloss which you memorized. When words are used in the context of a sentence, their grammatical class is clear and the exact meaning of the derivational suffix can be determined. When the word is given to you in a sentence, 90022 all final suffixes must have a SINGLE gloss 90023.You will always be given words in sentences on exams. This usually is not the case on homework problems; consequently, your answers may differ slightly from ours. 90004 90033 90034 Derivational suffixes can be 90022 redundant 90023, that is, two suffixes in a row may indicate the same part of speech. We can see this in these examples: 90037 90038 electr 90022 ic 90023 / electr 90022 ical 90023 90038 philosoph 90022 ic 90023 / philosoph 90022 ical 90023 90044 90044 90034 90003 No matter how many suffixes are strung together at the end of a word, the rules is always the same: 90004 90037 90046 90502 90503 90022 The last derivational suffix determines the part of speech.90023 90506 90503 The last suffix is ​​glossed as either 90022 NOUN OR VERB OR ADJECTIVE 90023 if the word is given in a sentence. 90506 90511 90033 90034 The literal meaning that you construct for a word depends on its part of speech. In the next section, we’ll take a look at how literal meanings should be constructed for NOUNS, VERBS, and ADJECTIVES. 90037 90046 90003 90022 Meanings of Derivational Suffixes 90023 90004 90003 When you analyze words, it is usually easiest to 90022 gloss 90023 derivational suffixes as NOUN, VERB, or ADJECTIVE.When you construct a 90022 literal meaning 90023, you need to be careful that this meaning is appropriate to the part of speech that the word belongs to. For example, ‘running’ is a literal meaning for an adjective, but ‘That which runs’ is a literal meaning for a noun. (The words are 90022 cursive 90023 and 90022 cursor 90023.) 90004 90003 90022 NOUN Suffixes 90023 90004 90003 Literal meanings for nouns almost always begin with words such as ‘A’, ‘an’, ‘the’, ‘that which’, or ‘one who’.Different types of noun suffixes have slightly different meanings. 90004 90502 90503 90022 General 90023 noun suffixes just tell you ‘this is a noun’. 90506 90503 90022 Abstract 90023 nouns often refer to abstract concepts or entities that are a result of some action. 90506 90503 90022 Agent 90023 nouns refer to the person or entitiy which performs an action. 90506 90503 90022 Locative 90023 nouns refer to places.90506 90503 90022 Medical 90023 terms often have suffixes that indicate specific medical conditions. 90506 90511 90080 90031 90560 90022 Noun-Forming Suffixes 90023 90047 90064 90031 90032 90022 Suffix form 90023 90047 90032 90022 Suffix Meanings 90023 90047 90032 90022 Example 90023 90047 90032 90022 Literal meaning 90023 90047 90064 90031 90560 90003 90022 General 90023 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ic 90004 90047 90596 90003 ‘a thing’ 90004 90003 ‘a substance’ 90004 90003 ‘one that is related to’ 90004 90003 ‘that which pertains to’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 top 90022 ic 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘that which pertains to a place’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ment 90004 90047 90032 90003 seg 90022 ment 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘a thing which is cut’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -s 90004 90047 90032 90003 patho 90022 s 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘the feeling’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -um 90004 90047 90032 90003 alb 90022 um 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘a white thing’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ure 90004 90047 90032 90003 nat 90022 ure 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘the properties of something present from birth’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90560 90003 90022 Abstract 90023 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ence / 90004 90003 -ance 90004 90047 90596 90003 ‘an act of’ 90004 90003 ‘a state of’ 90004 90003 ‘the process of’ 90004 90003 ‘the result of’ 90004 90003 90004 90047 90032 90003 promin 90022 ence 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘the result of jutting forth’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ion 90004 90047 90032 90003 act 90022 ion 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘the result of acting’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ive 90004 90047 90032 90003 miss 90022 ive 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘the result of sending’ (or ‘that which was sent’) 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -sis 90004 90047 90032 90003 gene 90022 sis 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘the process of birth’ ( ‘the beginning’) 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -y 90004 90047 90032 90003 biolog 90022 y 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘the act of studying living things’ (or ‘the study of life forms ‘) 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ism 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘the belief’ 90004 90003 ‘the practice’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 bapt 90022 ism 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘the practice of dipping’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ity 90004 90047 90032 90003 [name of a quality] 90004 90047 90032 90003 ver 90022 ity 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘the quality of being true’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90560 90003 90022 Agent 90023 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ate 90004 90047 90838 90003 ‘one who’ 90004 90003 ‘that which’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 advoc 90022 ate 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘one who speaks toward (for) something’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -er / -or 90004 90047 90032 90003 work 90022 er 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘one who works’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ent / -ant 90004 90047 90032 90003 serv 90022 ant 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘one who serves’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ist 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘one who engages in a belief or practice’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 commun 90022 ist 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘one who practices communism’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90560 90003 90022 Location 90023 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -arium 90004 90047 90102 90003 ‘a place where’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 aqu 90022 arium 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘a place where water is’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ary / -ory 90004 90047 90032 90003 dormit 90022 ory 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘a place for sleeping’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ia 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘the land’ 90004 90003 ‘the area’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 suburb 90022 ia 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘the land below the city’ (i.e. ‘The area secondary to the city ‘) 90004 90047 90064 90031 90560 90003 90022 Diminuative 90023 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -le / -ole / -cle 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘little’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 mus 90022 cle 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘a little mouse’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90560 90003 90022 Medical 90023 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ia 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘a medical condition’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 insomn 90022 ia 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘a medical condition of lacking sleep’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -itis 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘an inflammation’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 bronch 90022 itis 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘an inflammation of the bronchial tubes’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -oma 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘a tumor’ 90004 90003 ‘a growth’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 fibr 90022 oma 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘a tumor having fiber (i.e. fibrous tissue) ‘ 90004 90047 90064 90065 90003 90022 VERB Suffixes 90023 90004 90003 Literal meanings for verbs should always begin ‘90022 to 90023’, the infinitive marker. (The infinitive form of a verb is one that does not show any tense.) In some cases, verbs convey the meaning ‘to cause to ‘or’ to make ‘, but in other cases the idea of ​​90022 causation 90023 has been lost, although the same suffix is ​​used in each case. One special verb suffix is ​​90022 -esc / -sc 90023 conveys a notion of change or mutation and often means ‘to become’.Here are some examples: 90004 90080 90031 90560 90022 Verb-Forming Suffixes 90023 90047 90064 90031 90032 90022 Suffix form 90023 90047 90032 90022 Suffix Meanings 90023 90047 90032 90022 Example 90023 90047 90032 90022 Literal meaning 90023 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ate 90004 90047 90102 90003 ‘to VERB’ 90004 90003 ‘to cause to’ 90004 90003 ‘to make’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 liber 90022 ate 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘to free’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ize 90004 90047 90032 90003 vocal 90022 ize 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘to make vocal’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -sc / -esc 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘to become’ 90004 90003 ‘to change’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 conval 90022 esc 90023 e 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘to become much stronger’ 90004 90047 90064 90065 90003 90022 ADJECTIVE Suffixes 90023 90004 90003 Literal meanings for adjectives often begin with the words ‘Having’, ‘being’, or ‘pertaining to’.When an adjective is formed from a verb, you can sometimes gloss it as ‘VERB + 90022 ing 90023’ (VERB stands for whatever the original verb was.) One special case is 90022 -oid 90023 which almost always should be glossed ‘resembling’. Another adjective suffix with a special meaning is 90022 -able / ible 90023 ‘able to’. Here are some examples: 90004 90080 90031 90560 90022 Adjective-Forming Suffixes 90023 90047 90064 90031 90032 90022 Suffix form 90023 90047 90032 90022 Suffix Meanings 90023 90047 90032 90022 Example 90023 90047 90032 90022 Literal meaning 90023 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -able / -ible 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘able to’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 ador 90022 able 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘able to be adored’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -al 90004 90047 91234 90003 ‘having’ 90004 90003 ‘being’ 90004 90003 ‘pertaining to’ 90004 90003 ‘VERB + 90022 91243 ing 91244 90023’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 nat 90022 al 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘pertaining to birth’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ary / -ory 90004 90047 90032 90003 sens 90022 ory 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘pertaining to feeling’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ate 90004 90047 90032 90003 ir 90022 ate 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘having anger (ire)’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ent / -ant 90004 90047 90032 90003 flu 90022 ent 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘flowing’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ic 90004 90047 90032 90003 chron 90022 ic 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘pertaining to time’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ile 90004 90047 90032 90003 sen 90022 ile 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘being old’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ine 90004 90047 90032 90003 can 90022 ine 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘pertaining to dogs’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ite 90004 90047 90032 90003 fin 90022 ite 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘having an end’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ive 90004 90047 90032 90003 curs 90022 ive 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘running’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -ous 90004 90047 90032 90003 dolor 90022 ous 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘suffering’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 -oid 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘resembling’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 andr 90022 oid 90023 90004 90047 90032 90003 ‘resembling a man’ 90004 90047 90064 90065 90003 90022 1.4.2. Prefixes 90023 90004 90003 90022 Spatial Prefixes 90023 90004 90003 The largest group of prefixes denote relationships that occur in space. Often, these spatial meanings are metaphorically extended to relationships in time. These prefixes may also have additional meanings and variant forms, which are listed in the glossary. 90004 90030 90031 90032 90003 ab- / abs- ‘from’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 ecto- ‘outside’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 ob- ‘towards’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 ad- ‘toward’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 endo- ‘inside’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 para- ‘beside’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 ambi- / amphi- ‘both’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 epi- ‘on’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 per- ‘through’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 ana- ‘back (ward)’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 ex- / e- / ec- ‘out, away’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 peri- ‘around’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 ante- / anti- ‘before’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 extra- ‘outside’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 post- ‘after’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 anti- ‘opposite’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 hyper- / super- ‘over’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 pre- ‘before 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 apo- ‘away from’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 hypo- ‘under’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 pro- ‘forward’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 cata- ‘down’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 in- / en- ‘in, into’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 re- / red- ‘back’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 circum- ‘around’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 infra- ‘below’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 se- / sed- ‘apart’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 con- / co- ‘together’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 intra- ‘within’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 sub- ‘under’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 de- ‘down’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 inter- ‘between’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 supra- ‘above’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 dia- ‘through’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 meso- ‘middle’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 syn- ‘together’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 dis- / di- ‘apart’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 meta- ‘beyond’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 trans- / tra- ‘across’ 90004 90047 90064 90065 90003 90022 Non-Spatial Prefixes 90023 90004 90003 Some prefixes convey non-spatial concepts such as the comparison of one object with others, or information about the size or quantity of the object or substance 90004 90030 90031 90032 90003 hetero- ‘other, different’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 homo- / homeo- ‘same’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 iso- ‘equal’ 90004 90047 90064 90065 90030 90031 90032 90003 micro- ‘small’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 macro- ‘long, large’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 omni- ‘all’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 pan- / pant- ‘all, overall’ 90004 90047 90064 90065 90003 Negative prefixes convey the concept of ‘not’ as well as related concepts such as ‘opposite of’, ‘lacking’, or simple ‘bad’.90004 91672 90031 90032 90003 a- / an- ‘not, without’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 in- ‘not’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 dys- ‘bad’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 anti- ‘the opposite of’ or ‘opposed to’ 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 contra- / counter- ‘opposed to, in opposition’ 90004 90047 90064 90065 90003 Many spatial prefixes can be used to strengthen or intensify the meaning of the root to which they are attached.When these prefixes are used intensively, they should be glossed as ‘very’, ‘Intensively’, ‘completely’, ‘strongly’, or some similar meaning, rather than using their spatial meaning. Although these «double meanings «of spatial morphemes may seen odd at first, it is actually quite common in languages. English has a number of native words and phrases with spatial meanings that are used to strengthen other words. Below are some examples of Latin spatial morphemes and English spatial words used intensively.90004 90030 90031 90032 90003 90022 con 90023 spicuous ‘very easily seen ‘ 90004 90047 90032 90003 «90022 altogether 90023 visible» 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 90022 de 90023 clare ‘very clear’ 90004 90047 90032 90003 «90022 downright 90023 clear» 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 90022 in 90023 flammable ‘very flammable ‘(in-‘ in ‘, NOT in-‘ not ‘) 90004 90047 90032 90003 «90022 out and out 90023 flammable » 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 90022 per 90023 fect ‘completely done ‘ 90004 90047 90032 90003 «done 90022 through and through 90023 » 90004 90047 90064 90031 90032 90003 90022 in 90023 sist ‘to stand strongly (for something) ‘ 90004 90047 90032 90003 «stand 90022 outright 90023 (for something) » 90004 90047 90064 90065 90003 It is sometimes tricky to be sure that the prefix has an intensive meaning, but be sure to consider it when the spatial meaning does not seem to make sense.90004 90021 Copyright 1998 by the Department of Linguistics, University of Oregon. .