Установите соответствие между страной и типом электростанций: Attention Required! | Cloudflare

Ответ §20. Топливно — энергетический комплекс.Электроэнергетика.

Тестовые задания.

1. На каком из перечисленных типов электростанций производится наибольшее количество электроэнергии в России?

• Ответ: а) АЭС; б) ГЭС; в) ТЭС; г) альтернативные.

2. На побережье какого из перечисленных морей действует единственная в России приливная электростанция?

• Ответ: а) Азовское; б) Белое; в) Охотское; г) Черное.

3. В каком из перечисленных субъектов Федерации работают геотермальные электростанции?

• Ответ: а) Алтайский край; б) Иркутская область; в) Камчатский край; г) Приморский край.

4. Какое место занимает Россия в мире по выработке электроэнергии?

• Ответ: а) первое; б) четвертое; в) десятое; г) пятнадцатое.

5. Верны ли следующие утверждения? 1) Россия входит в первую пятерку стран по выработке электроэнергии. 2) Все электростанции России объединены линиями высоковольтных электропередач в Единую энергетическую систему (ЕЭС).

• Ответ: а) верно только 1-е утверждение; б) верно только 2-е утверждение; в) верны оба утверждения; г) оба утверждения ошибочны.

6. Какие три из перечисленных стран превосходят Россию по объемам вырабатываемой электроэнергии? Ответ запишите в виде последовательности букв в алфавитном порядке. а) Аргентина; б) Китай; в) Норвегия; г) США; д) ЮАР; е) Япония.

7. Установите соответствие между типом электростанции и их долей в производстве электроэнергии в России. ТИП ЭЛЕКТРОСТАНЦИЙ: 1) АЭС; 2) ГЭС; 3) ТЭС; 4) альтернативные. ДОЛЯ: а) 65%; б) 20%; в) 15%; г) менее 1%.

8. Установите соответствие между электростанцией и субъектом Российской Федерации, в котором она располагается. ЭЛЕКТРОСТАНЦИЯ: 1) Волховская ГЭС; 2) Кислогубская ПЭС; 3) Мутновская ГеоТЭС; 4) Саяно-Шушенская ГЭС. СУБЪЕКТ РФ: а) Камчатский край; б) Красноярский край; в) Ленинградская область; г) Мурманская область.

9. Определите субъект Российской Федерации по предложенному описанию. «Этот субъект Российской Федерации входит в состав Дальнего Востока. Более половины населения проживает в административном центре края, а общая доля городского населения составляет около 77%. Основными отраслями экономики являются рыбная промышленность, сельское хозяйство и добывающая промышленность. Также развита электроэнергетика, которая, помимо традиционных видов топлива (главным образом угля), использует уникальные природные особенности края. В частности, на его территории функционируют несколько геотермальных электростанций.»

• Ответ: Камчатский край.

Тематический практикум.

1. Проанализируйте диаграммы, отражающие структуру производства электроэнергии в нашей стране, и ответьте на вопросы. 1) Можно ли по этим диаграммам определить, выросло или сократилось производство электроэнергии в стране? Если можно, то на сколько? 2) На каком типе электростанций производство электроэнергии выросло больше всего, а на каком — меньше всего? Как вы это объясните?

• Ответ: 1) Нет, нельзя. На диаграмме даны данные о структуре каждого из видов электроэнергетики и их объем в общем количестве получаемой электроэнергии. 2) На АЭС выросло больше всего за счет постройки новых крупных АЭС в стране. Меньше всего на ТЭС, так как новые крупные тепловые станции не строились, их заменяют новые АЭС и ГЭС.

2. Заполните схему.

• Ответ:

Картографический практикум.

1. Какой из обозначенных на карте субъектов Российской Федерации лучше обеспечен гидроэнергетическими ресурсами? Укажите номер и название данного субъекта.

• Ответ: 4) Красноярский край.

2. Используя карты атласа, назовите атомные электростанции и укажите субъекты Российской Федерации, в которых они расположены.

• Ответ:

• Атомные станции	Субъекты РФ
  Балаковская	Саратовская область
  Белоярская	Свердловская область
  Билибинская	Чукотский АО
  Кольская	Мурманская область
  Курская	Курская область
  Ростовская	Ростовская область
  Сосноборская	Ленинградская область
  Нововоронежская	Воронежская область
  Смоленская	Смоленская область
  Калининская	Тверская область

90000 The Different Types of Power Plants 90001 90002 Electricity is the lifeblood of the modern world. Everything from watches to cars now runs on electricity. 90003 90002 To put our dependence on electricity into numbers, we see that in 2008, the electricity consumption of the U.S. was at 90005 2,989 TWh 90006 (Tera Watt-hours). Fast forward to 2019, we see that it has increased to 90005 3,971 TWh 90006. A TWh being equal to 1,000,000,000 kwh. 90003 90002 90005 RELATED: HOW DOES A SOLAR POWER PLANT WORK? 90006 90003 90002 It is simply staggering to see how much we are now dependent on electricity in our daily lives.But where does all this power come from? 90003 90002 The answer is power plants. They produce electricity for the world to use. 90003 90002 There are different types of power plants in the world that work in conjunction to satiate the increasing need for electric power. Let’s find out in detail how these power stations work. 90003 90002 Hydroelectric power plants are one of the most effective and eco-friendliest of all power plants. In a hydroelectric power plant, electricity is granted from water.90003 90002 In detail, the potential energy of water is converted to electrical energy. When water is made to fall from a height on to a turbine, it spins the armature which is connected to a generator. 90003 90002 When the turbine spins, the generator starts to produce electricity. This electricity is then routed to all the different substations to distribute the power. 90003 90002 The world’s largest power plant is a Hydro-electric power plant called The Three Gorges Dam. The dam creates an astounding 90005 22,500MW 90006 of power.90003 90002 It achieves this feat by using 90005 34 90006 power generators. The dam is so huge that after its construction, the dam single-handedly slowed down the earth’s rotation. 90003 90002 One of the advantages of a Hydroelectric power plant is that there is no waste generated from the creation of energy. 90003 90002 90037 90038 90003 90002 Nuclear power stations also top the list of power plants that can produce massive amounts of energy. A nuclear power plant works by converting nuclear energy into electricity.90003 90002 The heat from the nuclear reactor is used to convert water into steam. The pressurized steam is then used to turn turbines connected to a generator. 90003 90002 As opposed to coal or natural gas power plants, a nuclear power plant does not have to burn anything to create heat. The whole process is powered by nuclear fission. 90003 90002 Low-enriched Uranium pellets are loaded into the nuclear power plant. Then the Uranium atom is split creating the nuclear fission. This process releases huge amounts of energy.90003 90002 The advantage of a nuclear power plant is that they do not need to burn anything to create energy. Hence, the carbon emission from a nuclear power plant is very low. 90003 90002 The disadvantages of a nuclear power plant are the nuclear waste that it creates and the steep cost of building one. Nuclear power constitutes more than 90005 10% 90006 of the world’s energy needs. 90003 90002 The largest nuclear power plant in the world is the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa power plant situated in Japan.It is capable of producing 90005 7,965MW 90006 of energy using seven boiling water reactors. 90003 90002 90059 90038 90003 90002 The first two power plants that we discussed have a low carbon footprint. Coal run power plants are the exact opposite. They have a large carbon footprint, yet coal-run power plants account for nearly 90005 40% 90006 of the world’s energy needs. 90003 90002 Coal run or coal-fired power plants burn coal to convert water into steam. This steam is then used to turn turbines which produces electricity with the help of a generator.90003 90002 A 90005 1000MW 90006 coal power plant burns through 90005 9000 tons 90006 of coal per day. This process releases very high amounts of pollutants into the air. 90003 90002 When we look at the consumption of coal for generating power, no country comes close to China. Eight out of the eleven high capacity (more than 90005 5GW 90006) are in China. 90003 90002 Moreover, China is the largest CO2 emitter in the world! 90003 90002 DatangTuoketuo power station is the world’s largest thermal power plant boasting a capacity of 90005 6.7GW 90006. This coal plant uses more than 90005 21 million tons 90006 of coal per year to meet the energy demands of China. 90003 90002 Coal run power plants fall under the category of thermal power plants. Diesel-run and Natural Gas-run power plants are the other two types of thermal power plants that are commonly used for electricity generation. 90003 90002 90089 90038 90003 90002 With the advancements in energy generation, we now have more than just thermal, nuclear and hydroelectric powerplants.They are called non-conventional power plants. 90003 90002 These power stations are capable of producing clean energy (or Green Energy). Let’s find out what they are all about! 90003 90002 90005 90098 Solar power plants: 90099 90006 Solar power plants use the energy of the sun to produce electricity. Solar panels capture the sunlight using photovoltaic cells and convert it into electricity. 90003 90002 Today, an increasing number of countries are looking towards solar energy to offset their dependence on fossil fuels.Tengger Desert Solar Park is currently the world’s largest solar power plant in terms of capacity. It is capable of producing 90005 1,547MW 90006 of energy. 90003 90002 90005 90098 Wind power plants: 90099 90006 Wind power plants convert wind energy to electrical energy using wind turbines. These are also very effective at producing clean energy. 90003 90002 A collection of windmills span across an area is called a wind farm. The Gansu Wind Farm in China, which has the completion year of 2020 року, is stated to be the largest wind farm in the world.90003 90002 90115 90038 90003 90002 90005 90098 Geothermal power plant: 90099 90006 Geothermal powerplants are similar to the steam turbine power stations that we discussed earlier. However, instead of burning fossil fuels, geothermal power plants use the heat from the earth’s core to create steam. 90003 90002 The largest geothermal power plant is The Geysers Complex, situated in the U.S .. It is capable of producing 90005 1,520 MW 90006 of energy. The biggest limitation of geothermal energy is that there are only a few places of the earth where it can be installed.Also, the cost of drilling and building plants can be quite expensive. 90003 90002 90002 90130 90038 90003 90003 90002 90005 90098 Tidal power plant: 90099 90006 Tidal power plants use tidal fences or tidal barrages to harness the power of the tides. The adoption rates for tidal power plants have been low since there are some critical limitations to implementing a tidal power plant. 90003 90002 90141 90038 90003 90002 Over the years, we have seen a steady incline in the demand for energy all over the world.And moving forward, there is no sign of this pattern slowing down anytime soon! The yearly rise in pollution levels is a testament to our alarming rate of fossil fuel consumption. 90003 90002 90005 RELATED: NUCLEAR FUSION POWER IN THE 21ST CENTURY 90006 90003 90002 What we can do though is move away from carbon-heavy sources of power like fossil fuels and embrace renewable energy sources. There have been massive efforts poured into this vision by different companies and countries to make this vision a reality.90003 90002 In the coming years, we can hope to see more green energy power plants rather than the CO2 factories. 90003 .90000 Types of Power Plants 90001 90002 What is the Power Plant? 90003 90004 A power plant is an assembly of systems or subsystems to generate electricity, i.e., power with economy and requirements. The power plant itself must be useful economically and environmentally friendly to society. 90005 90004 90007 90007 Power or energy is generated in a power plant which is the place where power is generated from a given source. 90005 90004 Actually the term «generated» in the previous sentence is a misnomer since energy can not be created or destroyed but merely changed from one form to the other.90005 90004 More correctly, a power plant can be said to be a place where electrical energy is obtained by converting some other form of energy. The type of energy converted depends on what type of power plant is being considered. 90005 90014 Types of Power Plants 90015 90004 There are several different types of power plants used across the world today. Power plants are classified into different groups based on the criteria used for the classification. 90005 90004 The criteria used in this article is what source of energy is utilized to produce the electricity.Using the criteria of the source of energy for electricity production, we can broadly classify power plants to, 90005 90020 90021 90022 Conventional Power Plants 90023 90024 90021 90022 Non-Conventional Power Plants 90023 90024 90029 90004 Conventional power plants use conventional sources of energy while non -conventional power plants utilize non-conventional sources of energy. 90005 90002 Conventional Power Plants 90003 90004 They include the generation of electricity from conventional sources of energy.These resources are finite and exhaustible. Once consumed, these sources can not be replaced by others. Examples include coal, timber, petroleum, lignite, natural gas, fossil fuels, nuclear fuels etc. 90005 90004 The conventional power plants include the following power plants, 90005 90020 90021 90022 Steam Engines Power Plants 90023 90024 90021 90022 Steam Turbine Power Plants 90023 90024 90021 90022 Diesel Power Plants 90023 90024 90021 90022 Gas Turbine Power Plants 90023 90024 90021 90022 Hydro Electric Power Plants 90023 90024 90021 90022 Nuclear Power Plants 90023 90024 90029 90064 90064 Types of Power plants 90002 Non-Conventional Power Plants 90003 90004 The non-conventional sources of energy are being continuously produced in nature and are not exhaustible.Examples include wood, geothermal energy, wind energy, tidal energy, nuclear fusion, biomass, solar energy etc. 90005 90004 The following are the power plants from non-conventional sources of energy. 90005.90000 Power plant — Energy Education 90001 90002 A 90003 power plant 90004 is an industrial facility that generates electricity from primary energy. Most power plants use one or more generators that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy 90005 [1] 90006 in order to supply power to the electrical grid for society’s electrical needs. The exception is solar power plants, which use photovoltaic cells (instead of a turbine) to generate this electricity. 90007 90002 The type of primary fuel or primary energy flow that provides a power plant its primary energy varies.The most common 90009 fuels 90010 are coal, natural gas, and uranium (nuclear power). A substantially used primary energy 90009 flow 90010 for electricity generation is hydroelectricity (water). Other flows that are used to generate electricity include wind, solar, geothermal and tidal. 90007 90002 Different countries get their electricity from different types of power plants. For example, in Canada, most electricity generation comes from hydroelectric power plants which accounts for about 60% of the total electricity generated in Canada.90005 [5] 90006 Please see the data visualization below to explore how countries around the world get their electricity. 90007 90018 Types of Power Plants 90019 90020 Thermal 90021 90002 Most thermal power plants use fuel to heat up water from a reservoir, which generates steam (usually at a high pressure). The highly pressurized steam then travels through pipes to rotate the fan-like blades of a turbine (see Rankine cycle for more info). As the turbine begins to spin, it causes giant wire coils inside the generator to turn.This creates relative (continuos) motion between a coil of wire and a magnet, which pushes electrons and starts the flow of electricity. 90005 [9] 90006 90007 90026 Figure 2. A boiling water nuclear power plant. 90005 [10] 90006 90002 90009 Thermal power plants are all limited by the second law of thermodynamics, which means they can not transform all of their heat energy into electricity. This limits their efficiencies, which can be read about on the Carnot efficiency and entropy pages.90010 90007 90020 Renewable 90021 90002 Renewable energy power plants get their energy directly from their respective flows in order to generate electricity. These primary energy sources replenish themselves eventually, but are limited in the amount of energy that is available at any given time or place. Therefore they are often intermittent and non-dispatchable. 90005 [9] 90006 90007 90039 90040 90003 Hydroelectric facilities 90004 use energy from falling water in rivers and reservoirs to spin a generator and create electricity.This energy source tends to be more reliable (dispatchable) than other renewable resources, especially when the facility runs off of a reservoir. 90005 [11] 90006 90045 90046 90018 Transportation of electricity 90019 90002 Once electricity is generated, transformers «step-up» the electric power to a higher voltage in order to travel long distances with minimal energy loss. It then travels through «pylons» along overhead power cables to its destination, where transformers subsequently «step-down» the electric power to safe voltages for houses and utilities.For a more complete story please see electrical transmission. 90007 90018 World Electricity Generation 90019 90002 The map below shows which primary energy source different countries get the energy to generate their electricity from. Click on the region to zoom into a group of countries, then click on the country to see where its electricity comes from. 90007 90018 For Further Reading 90019 90018 References 90019 90059 90040 ↑ A. Atkins and M. Escudier, A dictionary of mechanical engineering.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013 90045 90040 ↑ Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Gundremmingen_Nuclear_Power_Plant.jpg 90045 90040 ↑ Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Fermi_NPP.jpg 90045 90040 ↑ Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/GreenMountainWindFarm_Fluvanna_2004.jpg 90045 90040 ↑ Canadian Electricity Association.(April 4, 2015). 90009 Canada’s Electricity Industry 90010 [Online]. Available: http://www.electricity.ca/media/Electricity101/Electricity101.pdf 90045 90040 ↑ Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/ThreeGorgesDam-China2009.jpg 90045 90040 ↑ Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Lake_Side_Power_Plant.jpg 90045 90040 ↑ Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https: //upload.wikimedia.org / wikipedia / commons / 4/45 / Giant_photovoltaic_array.jpg 90045 90040 ↑ 90005 9.0 90006 90005 9.1 90006 Entergy. (April 4, 2015). 90009 Power Plants 90010 [Online]. Available: http://www.entergy.com/energy_education/power_plants.aspx 90045 90040 ↑ http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/students/animated-bwr.html 90045 90040 ↑ First Hydro Company, 90009 Dinorwig Power Station 90010 [Online], Available: http://www.fhc.co.uk/dinorwig.htm 90045 90092 .90000 Classification Of Hydropower Plants — Earthava 90001 90002 Hydropower plants can be classified by many different aspects, This classification is an according to the working of hydropower plants, For Example, they can be classified be the source of the water itself and by their construction or their turbine. 90003 90004 Classification Of HydroPower Plants 90002 This classification helps us to understand a variety of aspect of hydropower plants, also understand how some types are connected to each other.90003 90007 90008 River Power Plants 90009 90010 90002 Run-Of-River plants that’s what they called in some countries, in this type of plants the natural and powerful flow and Elevation drop of the rivers is what it used through these kind of hydro plants to generate electricity. 90003 90002 90008 90015 River Power Plants are two types 90016 90009: 90003 90002 1-Plants Which are fed directly by a river. 90003 90002 2-Plants which are fed by diversion canal. 90003 90002 A diversion means the plants are not fed by the whole river but that part of a river which separated in a canal, This canal’s job is to feed the water from a river to the hydropower plants.90003 90002 Because of the limitation of diversion canal, it’s incapable of feeding hydropower plants of water as much as water the first type as the first type is fed from the river itself, so the second type generates less electricity compared to the first type. 90003 90007 90008 The Operation Mode Of The River Power Plants 90009 90010 90002 The operation mode can be abbreviated There Are 3 different aspects: 90003 90002 90008 90015 First 90016 90009, the river power plants can work through a weir and without a slack flow, At This Very point the river Streams directly to the turbine without being blocked.90003 90002 90015 90008 Second 90009 90016, in this one the river power plants have a weir with the slack flow, As the water can be stored in a small tank, there are two different reasons why water should be stored: 90003 90002 1-To have a specific depth of the water to make the river be navigable for ships. 90003 90002 2-To have water reserves. 90003 90002 Third, It can be found in Small river power plants, It lacks both the weir and Slack flow, as Those small river power plants like water wheels do not need a weir or a slack flow because they runs are the streaming water of a river.90003 90007 90008 Types Of Turbines That used In the river power plants 90009 90010 90002 The Turbines that are used in the first two operating modes are 90003 90002 Kaplan Turbines 90003 90002 Propeller Turbines 90003 90002 Francis Turbines 90003 90002 Those Kind of turbines are ideal for Small heights of falls and a huge mass of water Then pressure becomes relatively Low. 90003 90007 90008 Capacity Of The River Power Plants 90009 90010 90002 The capacity of the river power plants can range from a few kilowatts to many hundred megawatts That’s depending on the height of the waterfall and the volume of the water.90003 90007 90008 Advantages And Disadvantage Of The River Power Plants 90009 90010 90002 The advantage of the river power plants is the fact that there is no or only a small tank But since when Most people are living at or near the river so they will persevere anyways. 90003 90002 The disadvantage of the river power plants is that the fact that the river power plants highly depend on waterfalls so maybe the power is generated does not match with the power demand. 90003 90007 90008 Source 90009 90010 .